2 Samuel 20:12

Authorized King James Version

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And Amasa wallowed in blood in the midst of the highway. And when the man saw that all the people stood still, he removed Amasa out of the highway into the field, and cast a cloth upon him, when he saw that every one that came by him stood still.

Original Language Analysis

עֲמָשָׂ֨א Amasa H6021
עֲמָשָׂ֨א Amasa
Strong's: H6021
Word #: 1 of 26
amasa, the name of two israelites
מִתְגֹּלֵ֥ל wallowed H1556
מִתְגֹּלֵ֥ל wallowed
Strong's: H1556
Word #: 2 of 26
to roll (literally or figuratively)
בַּדָּ֖ם in blood H1818
בַּדָּ֖ם in blood
Strong's: H1818
Word #: 3 of 26
blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshe
בְּת֣וֹךְ in the midst H8432
בְּת֣וֹךְ in the midst
Strong's: H8432
Word #: 4 of 26
a bisection, i.e., (by implication) the center
הַֽמְסִלָּ֤ה of the highway H4546
הַֽמְסִלָּ֤ה of the highway
Strong's: H4546
Word #: 5 of 26
a thoroughfare (as turnpiked), literally or figuratively; specifically a viaduct, a staircase
רָאָ֔ה saw H7200
רָאָ֔ה saw
Strong's: H7200
Word #: 6 of 26
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
הָאִ֜ישׁ And when the man H376
הָאִ֜ישׁ And when the man
Strong's: H376
Word #: 7 of 26
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 8 of 26
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
וְעָמָֽד׃ by him stood still H5975
וְעָמָֽד׃ by him stood still
Strong's: H5975
Word #: 9 of 26
to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 10 of 26
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הָעָ֗ם that all the people H5971
הָעָ֗ם that all the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 11 of 26
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
וַיַּסֵּב֩ he removed H5437
וַיַּסֵּב֩ he removed
Strong's: H5437
Word #: 12 of 26
to revolve, surround, or border; used in various applications, literally and figuratively
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 13 of 26
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
עֲמָשָׂ֨א Amasa H6021
עֲמָשָׂ֨א Amasa
Strong's: H6021
Word #: 14 of 26
amasa, the name of two israelites
מִן H4480
מִן
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 15 of 26
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
הַֽמְסִלָּ֤ה of the highway H4546
הַֽמְסִלָּ֤ה of the highway
Strong's: H4546
Word #: 16 of 26
a thoroughfare (as turnpiked), literally or figuratively; specifically a viaduct, a staircase
הַשָּׂדֶה֙ into the field H7704
הַשָּׂדֶה֙ into the field
Strong's: H7704
Word #: 17 of 26
a field (as flat)
וַיַּשְׁלֵ֤ךְ and cast H7993
וַיַּשְׁלֵ֤ךְ and cast
Strong's: H7993
Word #: 18 of 26
to throw out, down or away (literally or figuratively)
עָלָיו֙ H5921
עָלָיו֙
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 19 of 26
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
בֶּ֔גֶד a cloth H899
בֶּ֔גֶד a cloth
Strong's: H899
Word #: 20 of 26
a covering, i.e., clothing
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 21 of 26
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
רָאָ֔ה saw H7200
רָאָ֔ה saw
Strong's: H7200
Word #: 22 of 26
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 23 of 26
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הַבָּ֥א that every one that came H935
הַבָּ֥א that every one that came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 24 of 26
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
עָלָ֖יו H5921
עָלָ֖יו
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 25 of 26
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
וְעָמָֽד׃ by him stood still H5975
וְעָמָֽד׃ by him stood still
Strong's: H5975
Word #: 26 of 26
to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)

Analysis & Commentary

And Amasa wallowed in blood in the midst of the highway. And when the man saw that all the people stood still, he removed Amasa out of the highway into the field, and cast a cloth upon him, when he saw that every one that came by him stood still.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Sheba's Rebellion, emphasizing ongoing challenges to authority. Sheba's rebellion demonstrates that David's troubles continue despite Absalom's defeat. The wise woman's intervention prevents unnecessary bloodshed. Theological themes include ongoing resistance to God's appointed leader, the value of wisdom in crisis resolution, the danger of divisive rhetoric, and God's provision of unexpected solutions through unlikely people.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 20 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding ongoing challenges to authority provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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